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When Does Graph RAG Actually Add Value? A Hands-On Experiment
I built four AI retrieval architectures on a laptop and benchmarked them against the same set of documents and questions. Here’s what the results taught me about the trade-offs between plain RAG, graph RAG, and simply putting everything into a frontier model’s context window. The post When Does Graph RAG Actually Add Value? A Hands-On Experiment appeared first on Towards Data Science.
LLMOps vs MLOps vs AgentOps: What Changes When You’re Operating Language Models at Scale
Putting AI into production now takes more than deploying a model and tracking accuracy. MLOps made traditional ML manageable, while LLMOps added concerns around prompts, retrieval, evaluation, latency, and cost. AgentOps adds another layer for systems that decide, call tools, and complete multi-step tasks. These shifts change what teams monitor and control. In this article, we compare MLOps, LLMOps, and AgentOps, and explain how observability evolves as AI systems move to action. [ ] The post LLMOps vs MLOps vs AgentOps: What Changes When You re Operating Language Models at Scale appeared first on Analytics Vidhya.
Human-Centric Grasp State Assessment: Toward Transferring Subjective Evaluation to Robots
arXiv:2609.17540v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We propose a framework that transfers tacit human subjective criteria to robotic systems for the appropriate grasping of deformable objects. Achieving such behavior is challenging because a semantic gap exists between qualitative human expectations and quantitative robotic measurements. Conventional deep learning approaches for bridging this gap also require prohibitive amounts of manually annotated data for each newly encountered object. To address these challenges, our framework integrates a Vision-Language Model (VLM)-based semi-automated supervisor generator with a lightweight grasp state predictor, using a minimal set of human-annotated trials as contextual anchors to propagate subjective criteria to unannotated data. The prediction model then enables rapid online adaptation by sequentially estimating the grasp state from time-series tactile and grasping force measurements. Through experiments on three representative deformable objec
Pay Only for Disagreement: Certified No-Regression Verdicts for Model Updates with Matching Label-Complexity Bounds
arXiv:2609.17560v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Every production model is updated, by retraining, fine-tuning, quantization, or a silent vendor swap, and each update risks being worse than what it replaced. We formalize update promotion as certified paired risk-difference auditing. Our starting point is a support identity: the risk difference between two models lives on the inputs where they disagree, observable without labels. We build DISCERN, a sequential two-tier protocol. A zero-label tier certifies benign updates whose disagreement rate is below tolerance from unlabeled traffic alone. An audited tier labels only sampled disagreements through an anytime-valid confidence sequence, valid at every stopping time and under any label-routing rule, even an adversarial judge. We prove finite-sample validity and matching label-complexity bounds of order rho^2/eps^2 at the rate level, so exploiting free disagreement provably saves a factor 1/rho over any pairing-blind auditor, and the guara
Beyond Static RAG: An Adaptive, Tri-Metric Routing Framework for Efficient Long-Context Inference on Commodity GPUs
arXiv:2609.17564v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Deploying retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) on commodity GPUs such as the NVIDIA T4 (16 GB VRAM) exposes a practical failure mode we call the Compression Paradox: neural prompt compression can add key-value (KV) cache contention and preprocessing latency that outweigh generation-time savings, while skipping compression can cause out-of-memory (OOM) failures on long contexts. We identify two distinct failure mechanisms when a vLLM-served LLM and a PyTorch-based compressor are co-deployed under tight memory budgets, and introduce the Tri-Metric Router, a deterministic, training-free policy that selects among Raw, Neural (LLMLingua-2), and Lexical (BM25) pipelines. The router uses three CPU-side signals: spatial complexity ($L$), syntactic density ($\rho_{key}$), and type-token ratio (TTR). Unlike prior semantic-only adaptation, our dispatch signal is hardware-physical, based on VRAM headroom and a latency crossover point. Thresholds are
Making AI-Assisted Claims Independently Challengeable: Publication Authority and a Protocol for Falsifiable Publication Records
arXiv:2609.17631v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: AI-assisted claims can appear authoritative when evidence, analysis, human authorization, presentation, and correction history refer to different states. Provenance, attestation, and transparency expose history but alone do not specify the publication transition examined here. We develop Publication Authority as an exact-state, non-transferable, single-use publication capability and instantiate it in PAC-2026 (Publication-Accountability Calculus), a machine-readable AIJIM Protocol candidate. We evaluate its fourth bounded semantic freeze (SF-4), a fixed-profile specification designed for replaceable bindings. Six obligations govern evidence, runs and artifacts, measurement disclosure, authorization, surface correspondence, and lifecycle continuity. Each yields a target-bound witness, localized counterexample, or localized unverifiability; none can compensate for another. Only a fresh, complete all-pass record derives the permit consumed b
EvolveTrade: Experience-Driven Policy Refinement for Self-Evolving LLM Trading Agents
arXiv:2609.17632v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language model (LLM) trading agents can combine market data, news, and executable analysis, but their behavior is often controlled by static hand-written tool-use policies that are fixed before deployment. This limits their ability to adapt how they gather evidence, invoke tools, verify signals, and manage risk under changing market regimes. We introduce EvolveTrade, a self-evolving framework that treats the system prompt of a tool-using trading agent as a text-parameterized policy. After each update interval, a Policy Agent revises this policy using accumulated decision traces and realized portfolio feedback, while keeping the backbone LLM fixed. The updated policy is then used for the next batch of trading decisions, enabling the agent to refine its information-acquisition and portfolio-construction procedure over time. Experiments across multiple market regimes and two LLM backbones show that EvolveTrade often improves Sharpe Rat
Real-Time Service Robot Replanning via Simple Button Interaction for Improved Task Success and User Experience
arXiv:2609.17541v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Service robots must respond to unexpected instructions in real-world environments. However, robots cannot detect all failures and exceptions during a task. To address these issues, we propose a real-time feedback function that enables robots to modify their behavior based on human feedback. In this system, users can intuitively send feedback to the robot by pressing a single button on a tablet when the robot fails to act correctly. Robots use this feedback to consider their failures and replan appropriate actions to complete the task. We conducted experiments with and without the feedback function to verify the following hypothesis: "Simple interactions do not cause a negative user experience." All questionnaire responses are evaluated on a five-point Likert scale. After adding the feedback function, the response score for the question "Did you feel that the robot's behavior was unexpected?" improved by 0.5 points, and that for "Did you f
How to Make Linear Regression Survive Outliers
Robust Estimation Series: comparing classical and modern robust estimators through theory, code, and experiments The post How to Make Linear Regression Survive Outliers appeared first on Towards Data Science.
Silent Broadcasting Can Ruin Your Model
PyTorch and TensorFlow tensor broadcasting: how silent shape errors cause difficult-to-debug machine learning bugs The post Silent Broadcasting Can Ruin Your Model appeared first on Towards Data Science.
The KV Cache Tax: Why Inference Servers Run Out of Memory Before Compute
A VRAM budget formula for LLM serving, and three optimization strategies mapped to the traffic patterns that trigger the OOM. The post The KV Cache Tax: Why Inference Servers Run Out of Memory Before Compute appeared first on Towards Data Science.
The N Squared Pizza Problem
What ordering and not eating a large pizza tells us about ML memory management The post The N Squared Pizza Problem appeared first on Towards Data Science.