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SPP-Net Paper Walkthrough: Breaking the Fixed-Size Constraint
Learn how Spatial Pyramid Pooling enables CNNs to handle any image size, with a from-scratch PyTorch implementation The post SPP-Net Paper Walkthrough: Breaking the Fixed-Size Constraint appeared first on Towards Data Science.
EntropyMoE: Entropy-Aware Sparse Expert Routing for Tokenizer-Free LLMs
arXiv:2608.06398v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent byte-level large language models (LLMs) have made tokenizer-free modeling increasingly competitive by grouping bytes into dynamically sized patches. However, existing byte-patch architectures still apply the same dense feed-forward computation to every patch. This uniform computation cannot adapt model capacity to variations in patch semantics and granularity. We address this limitation with EntropyMoE, a Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture designed for dynamic byte patches. EntropyMoE replaces the dense feed-forward modules in the global patch Transformer with Top-K expert layers. Each dynamic patch serves as the basic unit of expert routing, and its byte coverage determines its contribution to workload accounting. The router selects experts directly from patch entropy, using the same granularity signal that underlies dynamic patch construction to organize sparse computation. Patch entropy and length jointly define the feature s
Latent Fact-Checking: Detecting Misinformation through Activation Engineering
arXiv:2608.06417v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The proliferation of misinformation online has driven demand for scalable detection systems. While most existing approaches rely on surface-level linguistic features or external knowledge retrieval, we examine truthfulness as a geometric property of a language model's representation space. We introduce a misinformation detection framework grounded in activation engineering, which leverages the latent geometry of transformer models. Our approach elicits a misinformation direction in the residual stream by contrasting activations from paired truthful and false statements, following the difference-in-means principle of Contrastive Activation Addition (CAA). At inference time, the last-token activation of an unseen claim is projected onto this direction, and the projected representation is fed to an Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) for classification. The procedure requires no fine-tuning of the backbone model, no external evidence retrieval, and
Towards Multi-Label Graph Foundation Models: from Single-Vector Representation Learning to Multi-Semantic Basis Learning
arXiv:2608.06394v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multi-label node classification is an important yet challenging task in graph learning, where nodes exhibit multiple semantics simultaneously. Existing methods for multi-label node classification can effectively model multiple labels, while only considering in-domain scenarios where the model needs to be trained and tested within the same graph domain, resulting in limited cross-domain generalization. Recently, Graph Foundation Models (GFMs) have emerged as a promising paradigm for learning transferable graph representations across diverse graph domains and downstream tasks. However, existing GFMs are built upon single-label assumption, where all nodes are arbitrarily regarded as containing only one class of semantic and embedded into a single representation. For multi-label nodes, such a representation essentially approximates multiple semantics with a single point in the representation space, inevitably leading to semantic entanglement
LyEvO: Lyapunov-Guided Evolutionary Optimization for Safe and Robust Sim-to-Real Policy Learning
arXiv:2608.06481v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Training controllers that are safe and robust in simulation, and systematically assessing their readiness for real-world deployment, remain key challenges in sim-to-real transfer. To address this, we propose LyEvO, a physics-grounded framework that combines constrained Evolutionary Optimization and Statistical Model Checking (SMC)-based verification with Lyapunov-based stability analysis. Leveraging prior knowledge of the system dynamics, LyEvO uses Lyapunov analysis to compute an initial candidate stability region. An iterative loop then uses operational scenarios drawn from this region to jointly optimize and statistically verify a policy, and subsequently expands the region's boundaries based on the verification outcome. This integrated procedure provides a practical criterion for assessing deployment readiness. We evaluate LyEvO on Cartpole and 3D Quadrotor benchmarks through extensive simulations and targeted real-world experiments,
Fast and Accurate: An Adaptive VLA Inference Framework through Environment-aware Model Selection
arXiv:2608.06434v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Embodied intelligence demands both long-horizon reasoning and real-time closed-loop responsiveness. Recent dual-system Vision-Language-Action (VLA) architectures combine fast reactive control with slow deliberative reasoning to balance inference speed and task success rate. However, existing dual-process VLAs tightly couple the fast module to intermediate representations of the slow module, necessitating end-to-end joint training and limiting modularity, extensibility and flexible system switching. In this paper, we propose Environment-aware Model Selection (EMS), an adaptive VLA inference framework that switches between two fully decoupled systems of different scales through environment-aware model selection. The large-scale deliberative system provides globally consistent trajectory planning to ensure task success, while a lightweight reactive system enables high-frequency closed-loop control. A reinforcement-learning-based switching po
Risk-Aware Decision Policies for Agents Under Noisy Perception
arXiv:2608.06420v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Perception in biological systems is inherently noisy, requiring organisms to make decisions under uncertainty where misclassification can be costly or fatal. We present an Artificial Life predator-prey model of foraging under noisy perception, and compare agent performance when using various policies that take into account their noisy predictions. Through controlled experiments under both symmetric and asymmetric perceptual noise, we show that blindly trusting perceptual labels leads to catastrophic failure as noise increases, while uncertainty-aware strategies significantly improve survival and reduce fatal errors. We further observe qualitative regime shifts in behaviour, with agents transitioning from exploratory to conservative strategies as uncertainty increases. Our model links risk-sensitive foraging, ecological information use, and Artificial Life by showing that explicit information gathering can improve robustness when perceptio
I Thought Loading Data Was the Finish Line. It Was the Starting Point.
Building my first dbt models and learning what “analysis-ready” data actually means The post I Thought Loading Data Was the Finish Line. It Was the Starting Point. appeared first on Towards Data Science.
Top 5 Claude Skills for Marketing
Claude can write an ad or email from a prompt. This is usually done manually. Useful, but hardly a coherent system. The work still needs research, positioning, channel planning, quality checks, and reporting. Claude s marketing skills add to those missing processes. However, search results mix dedicated marketing repositories with huge general-purpose libraries. For a fair [ ] The post Top 5 Claude Skills for Marketing appeared first on Analytics Vidhya.
How to Implement Structured Output with Local LLMs
Why use it? How to implement it? What can we do when it fails? The post How to Implement Structured Output with Local LLMs appeared first on Towards Data Science.
Before Q, K, and V: Reconstructing the Transformer
Many Transformer explainers start with the finished architecture. We ask why it looks the way it does. The post Before Q, K, and V: Reconstructing the Transformer appeared first on Towards Data Science.
Building Trustworthy Snowflake AI Agents with Semantic Governance
This year, many data teams have added AI agents to their roadmaps. The excitement is real: an agent that turns a two-day analysis into a two-minute conversation can change how analysts and business teams work together. But agents are only as reliable as the data foundation beneath them. Point them at raw tables or outdated [ ] The post Building Trustworthy Snowflake AI Agents with Semantic Governance appeared first on Analytics Vidhya.